Analisis Syahadat sebagai Ujaran Performatif dalam Speech Act Theory John L. Austin

Nayaka Inabhimantra Wiwudha; Syauqi Royyan Fa'izul Khak; Muhammad Nikmal Anas Alhadi; Ika Yunia Fauzia

doi:10.53396/media.v7i1.818

Authors

Nayaka Inabhimantra Wiwudha Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia
Syauqi Royyan Fa'izul Khak Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia
Muhammad Nikmal Anas Alhadi Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia
Ika Yunia Fauzia Universitas Hayam Wuruk Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53396/media.v7i1.818

Keywords:

Syahadat, Ujaran Performatif, Austin, Teori Tindak Tutur, Teologi Islam, Shahada; Performative Utterance; Austin; Speech Act Theory; Islamic Theology

Abstract

This study analyzes the shahada through the framework of speech act theory developed by John Langshaw Austin. Traditionally, the shahada has been interpreted within a normative theological framework as a declaration of faith and the foundation of Muslim identity. This research aims to broaden that understanding by examining the shahada as a performative utterance that carries linguistic action and social implications. The study employs a qualitative approach based on library research and conceptual analysis of Austin’s speech act theory and its systematic development by John Searle. The findings demonstrate that the recitation of the shahada can be understood as a performative act involving locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary dimensions simultaneously. Within the social context, the shahada functions as a linguistic declaration that marks an individual’s transition into the Muslim community. However, the analysis also reveals the limitation of speech act theory in addressing the ontological and existential-transcendent dimension of the shahada, since Austin’s performativity primarily relies on social conventions rather than theological realities that transcend linguistic structures.

Author Biographies

Nayaka Inabhimantra Wiwudha, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia

NAYAKA INABHIMANTRA WIWUDHA, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, lahir di Surabaya, 21 September 2004. Saat ini ia mahasiswa program sarjana (S-1) di Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Syauqi Royyan Fa'izul Khak, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia

SYAUQI ROYYAN FA’IZUL KHAK, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, lahir di Jakarta, 13 Mei 2005. Saat ini ia mahasiswa program sarjana (S-1) di Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Muhammad Nikmal Anas Alhadi, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia

MUHAMMAD NIKMAL ANAS ALHADI, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, lahir di Jember, 6 Juli 1993. Setelah menyelesaikan program magister, saat ini ia bekerja sebagai dosen di Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Ika Yunia Fauzia, Universitas Hayam Wuruk Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia

IKA YUNIA FAUZIA, Universitas Hayam Wuruk Perbanas Surabaya, lahir di Jember, 6 Juli 1993. Setelah menyelesaikan program doktoral, saat ini ia bekerja sebagai dosen di Universitas Hayam Wuruk Perbanas Surabaya.

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